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04 Juni 我想我是病了从端午节前的刷湖到六一节期的活动
从武林广场的小花坛到莫衙营的小马路
从穿黑裙子的小白到超级活跃的小秦
从中韩进出口贸易到建立中介公司
我快忘了我自己了!!!对音乐,读书,绘画一下失去了兴趣……
想钱想疯了!!!
遇到的人多是,一圈的应届毕业生,扎堆的找工作。杭州,上海,广东
我只是想能养活自己,能孝敬爸妈,能攒钱养梦……………………
为什么要上火到口腔溃疡,胃酸过度,鼻炎过敏??? 我的论文——据说有很多语法错误,没改About Features and Tips of Oral English Communication
Abstract The features of oral English communication involves the basic elements of communication process, oral message,verbal communication and nonverbal communication and intentional and unintentional communication ,etc.We express this features through the oral English communication with different body language and different tonal language.Hence, we can improve the oral English communication through study this features and use right methods.Hand gestures emphasize our main points, remind our listeners of the main points we have, and let our listener know when we are changing topics.Facial expressions make us understood. And self- dictation make us fluently and accurately.
Key words The features of oral English communication ;Body Language;Tone and Emotion;self-dictations
1 Introduction
The reason why I choose this topic as my graduate paper is illustrated below: Firstly, I want to do something really practical since my major is Practical English. Secondly, I am familiar with this field ----Oral English---- more than other topics since I’ve been practicing it a lot by English Corner every weekend and in some other ways. Thirdly, I think it will be helpful, more or less, to my fellow students. So, partly, I write this article for these students who want to increase their English speaking abilities but still cannot fix it well.
2 The Possibility and Necessity of Learning Oral English Communication
In 1957,Chairman Mao, after explaining his educational principles in his famous article On Proper Handling of Internal Conflicts among Our People, he pointed out that: “We have to let all our young people be aware that our country is still poverty-stricken and that this situation cannot be changed in a short time. We need all our people, particularly the youth, to work hard together to build a prosperous China in a few decades.”[1] This clearly illustrates Mao Zedong's view that our youth are to serve the development of socialist China.
At the beginning of the 21th century, China joined the WTO and we are completely open to the world. Communication nowadays are becoming more and more important than those any time before. If students can master oral English well, then they can bring China to the world and learn about the world well. Meanwhile, those good oral English speakers are badly in need in Chinese trade market. What's more, competitions in the world market have already become rather fierce. The philosophical idea of pragmatism have come naturally into existence.[2] Oral English is very pragmatic. And‘The development of oral ability is a good source of motivation for most learners’ [3].
Most of the students have been learning English for many years. They may have a good score in grammar exam and reading comprehension, but few can both speak it well, sometimes they have obstacles in oral English communication for some reason. Of course, this phenomenon is also affected by China's own culture and traditions. As a second language learner, there are several obstacles in communication in English well and then how to change it. This is discussed in the following sections.
3 The Features of Oral English Communication
It is certainly a big cultural conflict between Chinese and English. And the language environment is another problem. I think if a student can know the features of oral English communication clearly, then they can do it well in it. Firstly, I want to introduce some notions.
3.1 Verbal communication and Nonverbal communication
When we think of communication, we usually think of spoken messages. However, experts usually divide communication into two primary categories: verbal and nonverbal communication.
Verbal communication involves the use of symbols that generally have universal meanings for all who are taking part in the process. As such, verbal communication may be spoken or written. These spoken or written verbal symbols are known as a language. Additionally, verbal communication is highly structured and used formal rules of grammar.[4]
Nonverbal communication involves the use of symbols other than the written or spoken words, such as gestures, eye behavior, tone of voice, use of space, and touch. Although nonverbal symbols have socially shared meanings, they have no formal structures or rules of grammar.
3.2 Basic Elements of The Communication Process
Everyone dreams to be a successful communicator either in workplace or in life. But what contributes to effective communication? Applying this approach to the communication process, we find eight elements:1)a source or encoder of communication, which sends 2)a message 3)through a channel to 4)a receiver or decoder, which 5)responds via feedback with 6)possibilities of communication breakdown in each stage of communication. However, these elements must be understood and analyzed in relation to 7) the situation or contest, and 8) the system(such as a relationship), which is created and maintained at some level by communication.
3.3 Oral Message
Oral messages are continuous, with words and sounds spoken in a connected way. Thus, when we talk ,we generally do not focus on individual words or sounds, unless 1)a communication break down occurs;2) the speaker talks with an accent: or3) the source or receiver stops and asks about a given sound or word
3.4 Intentional and Unintentional Communication
3.41Intentional communication occurs when messages are sent with specific goals in mind. Some comedians tell jokes to get laughter and entertain audiences. Radio spots are designed to persuade people to vote for local candidates, buy products, or donate time and money.
3.42Unintentional communication takes place without the communication being aware of it. The greatest number of unintentional messages are non verbal. Our nonverbal behavior often speak louder than words.
4 Improve The Oral English Communication
4.1Body Language
When we speak, we use much more than just words, we also communicate with our face, our hands, and even our own body. This kind of communication can be called ‘body language’ or ‘nonverbal communication’. Nonverbal communication does not only include how we move our body, but also hand gestures, facial expressions, eye contacts, and how we use our voice. Psychologists estimate that between 60% and 80% of our communication with other people is nonverbal. We also show our feelings, attitudes, moods, hopes, and wishes far better with nonverbal language than words.
If we want to succeed in oral English ,we really must learn to "speak" with our body well. Let me begin with some practical advice.
The main thing is to relax and be natural. Trying too hard to use ‘body language’ will make you seen a bit strange. Instead, you should allow your body language to naturally follow your words. If you say something positive, then your face, body and hands should show it too. If you are expressing a sad or worried feeling, then your face, body and hands should change with that feeling. As you think about it more and consider how you can use your body to commicate, you will become more and more natural.
4.11 Hand Gestures
More specifically, let's talk about hand gestures. Using our hands, we can emphasize our main points, remind our listeners of the main points we have, and let our listener know when we are changing topics. A dramatic movement of the hand or moving one hands wide apart can signal how important something is. We can even use two fingers, either close together or far apart, to show how big something is. TO show VERY strong feeling we could clap our hands together loudly or make a fist and hit a table or desk. To show that we welcome someone, on the other hand, we can hold towards a chair to prompt someone to sit next to us.
Of course, we can also use our fingers to count, but be careful. People in some countries do not count the same way as that in China. In France, for example, people do not count ‘one’ by holding up their first finger, called the ‘index finger’. Instead, they hold up their thumb. In Japan, some people put their thumb DOWN to mean ‘one’! This can create confusion sometimes, so be sure not to use only nonverbal communication. Use words too so that your listener will be sure to understand you.
4.12 Facial Expressions
Facial expressions are a very common way that we use to communicate every day. When speaking English, it's generally good to smile at your listener from time to time, especially when he or she has made an interesting comment. Also nodding your head up and down is to show you are really interested. From time to time, you can add a sound of agreement, such as ‘uh huh’ or even just ‘mmmm’ , to show you are listening. Above all, it is important to maintain eye contact while listening. Sometimes it is ok to move your eyes away when you are speaking, because you do have to think about what you want to say. However, the listener should almost always look at the speaker without moving the eyes away.
4.13 Standing or Sitting
If you are speaking to someone while standing, it is important to stand neither too close nor too far from the speaker.
If, instead of standing, you are speaking to someone while sitting, you can show your friendliness and ‘openness’ by leaning a little bit towards the speaker. Try to avoid folding your arms as a cold, ‘protective’ gesture. Instead, you could have your hands rest on your knees, or one hand on your knee and the other at your side. You can fold your arms as you wish, but don't hold them for a long time. As long as your hands move from time to time, the listener will not think that you are unfriendly.
Besides all of the obvious physical ways to communicate nonverbally, we have our voice. We use ‘intention’, loudness and ‘pitch’ to change our meaning. Even when our voice does not make an actual word, it still can communicate confidence while a quiet voice communicates intimacy or some secret messages. A loud, high pitch voice can communicate nervousness or excitement, while a deep voice might mean we are tired or not enthusiastic.
4.2 Tone and Emotion
Different from Chinese ‘tonal’ language with four different ‘tones’, English doesn't have special tones for each word, but important syllables are stressed using a certain kind of ‘tone’. In particular, the ‘tone’ of ordinary strong vowels(a, e, i, o, u)is very important in English. Some vowels are strong, for example, the first vowel in YESterday, or the second vowel in toMORrow. The unique ‘tone’ of these vowels could be represented in the way which goes up and down and up and down and up and down.[Try listening to a cassette tape from your favorite textbook so you can hear how this sounds. Many students don't do this, and then when they try to speak fast, they cannot be understand!]
Prounouncing stressed vowels in this way will not only make language easier understand. Sometimes it can also change the meaning of what you want to say. For example, you may find that numbers such as 13 and 30,or 14 and 40 have one strong vowel, the first. So we say THIRty and FORty. However, “teens” such as 13 and 14 are pronounced with two strong points. We would say THIR TEEN and FOUR TEEN.
Many other words can change meaning because of stress. One example is REcord and reCORD. The first is a noun and the second is a verb. The form of a word is also important, for example consider psyCHOlogy and psychoLOgical. The noun is stressed on the second syllable but the adjective is stressed on the third. Phrases such as WHITE House and white HOUSE when I was a boy but since I'm not a plant, I have never lived in a GREEN house!
A common problem students have is in distinguishing the difference between ‘can’ and ‘can't’, it is often hard to hear in fast speech. Instead, the stress of the vowel determines the meaning. For example, I would say that I can SPEAK French.(Actually, ‘I’ and ‘French’ will also be stressed here.)The important part for us is ‘can SPEAK’. The word ‘speak’ has the important meaning, so it is emphasized. So, we would say ‘I CAN’T speak French. The ‘a’ in ‘CAN'T’ is much clearer, using the up and down "tone", than in ‘can’!
Within a sentence, the stress pattern can change the meaning completely. Consider the following four sentences. The bold word would be stressed the most, using the ‘tone’ I described at the top of this article.
1.I will go now.
2.I will go now.
3.I will go now.
4.I will go now.
The first sentence means that it is not someone else, but truly I who will go. The second sentence means that I truly WILL go, even if you don't believe me! The third sentence emphasizes that I will leave, not come or stay. And the fourth sentence emphasizes that I cannot wait any longer, I must go NOW.
All of the examples so far are used the special up and down ‘tone’ above. Sometimes, however, the tone is different. For example, there is a big difference between ‘Really?’ as a question and ‘Really!’ as an answer. The stress is always on the second tone in standard Chinese, starting low and going up. However, if you don't believe something, you can go up and down first, like this:/\/\/which starts by going up and then down but finishes by going up. That REALLY shows doubt![5]Of course, if you are very sure, the tone would go from height to low, like the fourth tone in Chinese.
Another different tone is for showing anger. Then we use a downward tone similar to the fourth tone in Chinese. Now, if you are very angry, you can say every word of a sentence with this downward tone. This is how mother speak in English when they want their children to do something: “GO CLEAN UP YOUR ROOM RIGHT NOW!” It's quite frightening, so be careful how you use it!
5 Speaking Fluently and Accurately
Even after many years of study, students make frequent mistakes in English. In addition, many students still need a long time to think of what they want to say. Usually we focus more on the thoughts inside our heads than in the real sounds of the language. We are thinking about grammar rules or trying to remember words that we’ve studied from a book. Then, I think self- dictation will help us a lot. With dictations, we end up ‘over leaning’, which means we learn the sentences so well that they become a natural part of us. In other words, we become fluently!
The content is not important at first. The main goal is to get natural speed English. Here are some tips you can follow as you try self-dictations:
Write down EVERY sound you hear, even if you can't catch the words.
If it's difficult, do a very SHORT selection at first. Even one sentence is enough to start.
If possible, find a friend or classmate to give you feedback after you have written down every sound.
After getting feedback, listen to the whole selection again without stopping. See how much more you can understand now!
Do new dictations, but sometimes go back to the first dictations. You will see how easy they have become and you will soon start using the same sentence patterns in your own speaking.
Conclusion
In my essay, I have attempted to show the necessity and possibility of learning oral language, and explained the feature of oral English communication
. I have also explored how to integrate the skills in activities to make the oral language more fluently and accurately. In closing I would like to argue that the best way to develop the students’ oral ability is: talk,listen,and talk!
Bibliography
[1]Ibid(1997) The People's Press
[2]Deway,J.(1990) Democracy and Education
[3]Harmer, J. (1991) The Practice of Language Teaching Longman
[4]Zhaoyanping,Culture and Communication
[5]Amy B.M.Tsai,English Conversation 22 April GALA娘娘腔的唱歌
吐字怪异的歌
不卷舌的英语
完全听不懂的中文和英文
只能找歌词,但就是这么好听
http://www.galaocean.com/listen.htm
奇怪吧,不费力气地穿透 我有起床气 赫本也一样很不爽,我有起床气啊
在床上一直赖到11点也不是件容易的事
昨天晚上我还很喜欢PATTI SMITH这个长着憔悴的脸的朋克诗人
书,总有些魔力,让你变成那个背景里舞台上的人,不清醒的607080年代的美国青年
今天早上我真的清醒了
闹饥荒
那堆朋克屎就让人呕吐了
他们在使劲便秘扮酷,我知道,还是有人在挖掘的。真实和自我,我们一直都在这样
即使21世纪嘻皮已经过去了,垮掉不适合中国人民红色国情
不过青年还在,朋克摇滚MIDI还在刮风就是不好看了
就是我们太专业了 一边拜金一边扮酷
人人都在看金融和管理
人人都想着金钱和控制
正常得我呕吐
我也正常
不吸烟不喝酒
远离毒品生活规律
即使11点起床吃早饭12也要吃午饭
再来一遍4片冷面包泡1杯蒙牛冻酸奶
正常得我现在想要呕吐
PLEASE KILL ME里面有各种模样的毒品,但只是让我想到了HEXULEY的美丽新世界,呕吐
HEXULEY是混蛋,他让乌托邦得了瘟疫
照片里面是什么呢,是石榴
从上个夏天被我留下来的石榴,我想要他风干成柜子上的标本之一,可是他却在里面
悄悄腐烂
我打开他
流出了刺激的汁
石榴腐烂青年腐烂胃腐烂
看了两集情书,我真的喜欢申正焕虽然对他的音乐没感觉,我喜欢他是个真正的小丑,他不装样,表情也在说‘我什么都不是’那样
请宰了我这本书,我还是把他看完了,今天杭州天气不错,风有点大的想吹风筝,去那里溜溜
GALA乐队
THE YOUNG FOR YOU
Sunday's coming i wanna drive my car
to your apartment with present like a star
forecaster said the weather may be rainy hard
but i know the sun will shine for us
oh lazy seagull fly me from the dark
i dress my jeans and feed my monkey banana
then i think my age how old,skyline how far
or we need each other in california
*you show me your body before night comes down
i touch your face and promise to stay ever young
on this ivory beach we kissed so long
it seems that the passion's never gone
*you sing me your melody and i feel so please
i want you to want me to keep your dream
together we'll run wild by a summer symphony
this is what we enjoyed not a fantasy
the tin-man's surfing i wanna try my luck
to the top of tide rip like just have some drugs
i know you have no blame for my proud moonish heart
welcome to the golden beatnik park
oh diamond seashore drag me from the yard
incredible sunward i watch as you're in photograph
for camera your smile's so sweet,palm trees' so lush
would you believe my honey it's califonia
http://www.galaocean.com/listen/007.htm
听听怪癖KINKS听听GALA 10 April 存在很9没更新是因为上网就在看电影
老片新片一起恶补
哎,美丽童话.剪刀手爱德华.歌特+美式恶俗STYLE
苍白啊美丽啊~~~~~~
决定暗恋他了,哈哈
最近的生活现场
城市的废墟,自恋,封闭的窗口,BIGBABO泡泡糖,涂鸦,阳台的气球,苍白的拐角,
散乱的珠子穿起来
21 Februar 活过来了,我有点话要说上班一 周多三天了
靠着那台比我家多两条内存条,勉强达到512的电脑
用EMULE加MPLAYER撑完 了北野舞的《菊次郎的夏天》《玩偶》
哦,原来是这么回事,很有点感觉的
很有点不同风格的电影但是,有很多好认的北野武标记
DOLL
日本人的艺术
静默 幽玄 唯美
还有混入的
北野武的
混乱华丽
暴力性想
舞蹈舞台
久石让
山本耀丝
三个故事一个结局:破碎
美好的破碎
爱情 等待 执迷
他们多生病了,因为他们真的,爱
THE SUMMER OF K
很可爱
CANON的变奏
天使总是会有人来扮的
哈雷也天真了
大家跳着原始的心情
舞蹈 跳动 飞 飞 飞 真男胖胖很可爱
吉他,,,总是回有些执着的人来握着他,,,弹些天真的愿望
祝福他们
祝福一起玩过的还记挂着的他们
晚安晚安
下雨了 29 Januar 特喜庆的烟花,特轻快的MIRAH2006的新年除夕,全城狂欢的日子
把脑子,胃和网路留给MIRAH,轻快的回旋,轻快的VOCAL
听着我,年夜饭就安稳了,胃9舒畅了
小小的懒散也很干净,暖暖的舒服;每一个小伤感也轻快的浪漫,流畅曲线
虽然这么夸人我有点难过的不喜欢我了
噶拉,谁让我94喜欢她呀~~~~~~拯救了我糜烂的寒假
每首多不一样,太棒了,随意简单的配乐,轻快地燃烧歌手:MIRAH
类型:INDIE 民谣—电乐
1974年9月14日比我大10岁的姐姐共出了4张D,真不勤快,不过人家JJ,1997年一毕业9自学吉他,谱歌先在YOYO后在K上出小样的容易吗?不容易。
挺好玩的,用各种配器玩, 美妙的YOU THINK IT,S LIKE THIS BUT IT,S LIKE THIS
出名的COLD COLD WATER
特别的MIRAH,轻快的民谣,庸懒的爵士,浪漫的流浪 ,干净的忧伤
1:30烟花安静了
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